Table of Contents: Applied Population Ecology



	Table of Contents
	Applied Population Ecology Principles and Computer Exercises using RAMAS EcoLab 2.0 by H. Resit Akçakaya, Mark A. Burgman, Lev Ginzburg TABLE OF CONTENTS See also: Foreword by Robert Goldstein Foreword by Mark Shaffer Preface To the teacher Acknowlegements

Chapter 1 Population growth			1
	1.1 Introduction	1
		1.1.1 Definition of a population	2
		1.1.2 Limits to survival and reproduction: niche and habitat	2
		1.1.3 Mathematical models in population ecology	5
	1.2 Births and deaths, immigrants and emigrants		7
		1.2.1 Exponential growth	8
		1.2.2 Long-lived species	9
		1.2.3 Using the model	10
		1.2.4 Doubling time	12
		1.2.5 Migration, harvesting and translocation	13
	1.3 Assumptions of the exponential growth model		14
	1.4 Applications		16
		1.4.1 Human population growth	16
		1.4.2 Explosions of pest densities	21
		1.4.3 Exponential decline	23
	1.5 Additional topic		26
		1.5.1 Population growth in continuous time	26
	1.6 Exercises		27
		Exercise 1.1: Blue Whale recovery	27
		Exercise 1.2: Human population, 1800-1995	28
		Exercise 1.3: Human population, 1995-2035	30
	1.7 Further reading		31
Chapter 2 Variation			33
	2.1 Introduction		33
		2.1.1 Vocabulary for population dynamics and variability	34
		2.1.2 Variation and uncertainty	36
		2.1.3 Kinds of uncertainty	36
	2.2 Natural variation		37
		2.2.1 Individual variation	37
		2.2.2 Demographic stochasticity	38
		2.2.3 Environmental variation	45
	2.3 Parameter and model uncertainty		54
		2.3.1 Parameter uncertainty	54
		2.3.2 Model uncertainty	55
		2.3.3 Sensitivity analysis	56
	2.4 Ambiguity and ignorance		58
	2.5 Additional topics		59
		2.5.1 Time to extinction	59
		2.5.2 Estimating variation	60
	2.6 Exercises		61
		Exercise 2.1: Accounting for demographic stochasticity	61
		Exercise 2.2: Building a model of Muskox	62
		Exercise 2.3: Constructing risk curves	64
		Exercise 2.4 Sensitivity analysis	67
	2.7 Further reading		69
Chapter 3 Population regulation			71
	3.1 Introduction		7
	3.2 Effects of crowding		7
		3.2.1 Increased mortality	72
		3.2.2 Decreased reproduction	73
		3.2.3 Self-thinning	74
		3.2.4 Territories	75
	3.3 Types of density dependence		76
		3.3.1 Scramble competition	77
		3.3.2 Contest competition	83
		3.3.3 Ceiling model	85
		3.3.4 Allee effects	86
		3.3.5 The concept of carrying capacity	89
		3.3.6 Carrying capacity for the human population	90
	3.4 Assumptions of density-dependent models		91
	3.5 Cycles and chaos		91
	3.6 Harvesting and density dependence		92
	3.7 Adding environmental variation		94
	3.8 Additional topics		95
		3.8.1 Equations	95
		3.8.2 Estimating density dependence parameters	97
	3.9 Exercises		98
		Exercise 3.1: Gause's experiment with Paramecium	98
		Exercise 3.2: Adding stochasticity to density dependence	99
		Exercise 3.3: Exploring differences between density dependence types	100
		Exercise 3.4: Demonstrating chaos	101
		Exercise 3.5: Density dependence and harvesting	102
		Exercise 3.6: Density independence graphs	104
	3.10 Further reading		104
Chapter 4 Age structure			105
	4.1 Introduction		105
	4.2 Assumptions of age-structured models		107
	4.3 An age-structured model for the Helmeted Honeyeater		108
		4.3.1 Survival rates	109
		4.3.2 Fecundities	111
		4.3.3 Sex ratio	113
	4.4 The Leslie matrix		113
		4.4.1 Leslie matrix for Helmeted Honeyeaters	115
		4.4.2 Projection with the Leslie matrix	117
		4.4.3 Stable age distribution	119
		4.4.4 Reproductive value	121
	4.5 Adding Stochasticity		123
		4.5.1 Demographic stochasticity	123
		4.5.2 Environmental stochasticity	125
	4.6 Life Tables		127
		4.6.1 The survivorship schedule	128
		4.6.2 The maternity (fertility) schedule	130
		4.6.3 Life history parameters	131
		4.6.4 Life table assumptions	132
	4.7 Additional topics		133
		4.7.1 Estimating survivals and fecundities	133
		4.7.2 Estimating a Leslie matrix from a life table	136
		4.7.3 Estimating variation	141
	4.8 Exercises		143
		Exercise 4.1: Building the Helmeted Honeyeater model	144
		Exercise 4.2: Human demography	148
		Exercise 4.3: Leslie matrix for Brook Trout	149
		Exercise 4.4: Fishery management	152
	4.9 Further reading		155
Chapter 5 Stage structure			157
	5.1 Introduction		157
	5.2 Assumptions of stage-structured models		158
	5.3 Stage structure based on size		159
	5.4 A stage model for an Alder		161
	5.5 Building stage-structured models		163
		5.5.1 Residence times, stable distribution and reproductive value	165
		5.5.2 Constraints	166
		5.5.3 Adding density dependence	167
	5.6 Sensitivity analysis		168
		5.6.1 Planning field research	168
		5.6.2 Evaluating management options	170
	5.7 Additional topics		171
		5.7.1 Estimation of stage matrix	171
	5.8 Exercises		174
		Exercise 5.1: Reverse transitions	174
		Exercise 5.2: Modelling a perennial plant	174
		Exercise 5.3: Sea Turtle conservation	176
		Exercise 5.4: Sensitivity analysis	178
	5.9 Further reading		181
Chapter 6 Metapopulations and spatial structure			183
	6.1 Introduction		183
		6.1.1 Spatial heterogeneity	185
		6.1.2 Habitat loss and fragmentation	186
		6.1.3 Island biogeography	187
	6.2 Metapopulation dynamics		190
		6.2.1 Geographic configuration	191
		6.2.2 Spatial correlation of environmental variation	191
		6.2.3 Dispersal patterns	193
		6.2.4 Interaction between dispersal and correlation	196
		6.2.5 Assumptions of metapopulation models	197
	6.3 Applications		199
		6.3.1 Reintroduction and translocation	200
		6.3.2 Corridors and reserve design	201
		6.3.3 Impact assessment: fragmentation	202
	6.4 Exercises		203
		An overview of the program	203
		Exercise 6.1: Spatial factors and extinction risks	205
		Exercise 6.2: Habitat loss	209
		Exercise 6.3: Designing reserves for the Spotted Owl	210
	6.5 Further reading		212
Chapter 7 Population viability analysis			213
	7.1 Introduction		213
	7.2 Extinction		214
		7.2.1 Extinction in geological time	215
		7.2.2 Current extinction rates	216
		7.2.3 The causes of extinction	220
		7.2.4 Classification of threat	222
	7.3 Components of population viability analysis		224
		7.3.1 Identification of the question and estimation of parameters	224
		7.3.2 Modeling, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis	228
		7.3.3 Cost-benefit analysis	228
		7.3.4 Implementation, monitoring, evaluation	231
	7.4 The limits of population viability analysis		232
	7.5 Exercises		234
		Exercise 7.1: Habitat management for Gnatcatchers	234
		Exercise 7.2: Comparing management options	236
		Exercise 7.3: Habitat loss and fragmentation	238
	7.6 Further reading		240
Chapter 8 Decision-making and natural resource management			241
	8.1 Introduction		241
	8.2 Detecting impact		242
		8.2.1 Power, importance and significance: an example	244
		8.2.2 The precautionary principle	247
	8.3 Managing natural resources		248
		8.3.1 Predicting the outcome	248
		8.3.2 Explaining the uncertainty	249
		8.3.3 Model uncertainty: the importance of detail	252
		8.3.4 Strategies and contingencies	253
	8.4 The economic and ecological contexts of natural resource management		254
		8.4.1 Uncertainty and sustainability	256
		8.4.2 The role of applied population ecologists	257
	8.5 Exercises		259
		Exercise 8.1: Statistical power and environmental detection	259
		Exercise 8.2: Sustainable catch revisited	261
		Exercise 8.3: Sustainable use	263
	8.6 Further reading		265
Appendix: RAMAS EcoLab Installation and Use			267
References			273
Index			281


	Also see: Textbook description RAMAS EcoLab features Preface Foreword by Mark Shaffer Review by Don Waller in Quarterly Review of Biology Review by Saul Saila in Fisheries Return to Software for Teaching


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Date modified: 3-22-02